Amy Winehouse- Drug & Alcohol Addiction

Grammy-winning singer Amy Winehouse has been found dead in her North London home of suspected drug overdose. In 2006, the singer took home five Grammy Awards for her multi-million-selling album, Back to Black. She had struggled with drug and alcohol addiction for years and had a recent stint in rehab this past May to prepare for her latest tour. The troubled singer had been in and out of rehab multiple times, even singing songs about how she would not go. Unfortunately today the Daily Mail broke the news that Amy Winehouse was found dead in her flat at the young age of 27. 

Breast Cancer

Definition

Breast Cancer is cancer that arises in the breast tissue. It is the most common cancer in women and is the second leading cause of death by cancer in women (lung cancer is the first). In the United States, only 1% of cases of Breast Cancer occur in men.

Description

Breast Cancer may begin in the milk glands or milk ducts, fatty tissue or connective tissue. The majority (90%) of Breast Cancers begin in the milk glands or ducts.

Cause

Risk factors for Breast Cancer include: - Age - chances of developing Breast Cancer increase as women grow older. - Family history of Breast Cancer. The risk of developing Breast Cancer doubles or triples if a first-degree relative (parent, sibling or child) has had Breast Cancer. - Women who have had in situ Breast Cancer (contained entirely in the breast duct) or invasive Breast Cancer (where the cancer can spread to other tissues) are at higher risk of having Breast Cancer develop again, often in the other breast. - Women who began menstruation early or who had an early menopause or a late first pregnancy are at higher risk of developing Breast Cancer. - Women taking oral contraceptives or who are on hormone replacement therapy may be at slightly higher risk.

Signs And Symptoms

In the majority of women, Breast Cancer is first noticed as a lump in the breast. The lump usually feels quite different from the surrounding breast tissue and cannot be felt in the same place on the other breast. In the early stages the lump may be quite moveable under the skin. In more advanced stages, the lump is fixed to the chest wall or skin and is difficult to move. There may also be small bumps or ulcers on the breast skin or a change in the texture of the skin (which resembles the skin of an orange, although not orange in colour). Sometimes there will be breast pain without a lump or the breast may be enlarged.

Diagnosis

If a lump that may be cancerous is found, your Doctor will order a biopsy where some cells from the lump are removed via a needle attached to a syringe (aspiration biopsy) or a small piece of tissue is removed (incisional biopsy) or the whole lump will be removed (excisional biopsy). If cancer cells are found, more tests will be performed to determine the nature of cancer present, as this will affect the type of treatment used. Treatment Treatment will depend on the type of Breast Cancer present - how fast it grows, if it is likely to spread and what effect treatment will have. Treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone-blocking drugs or a combination of these treatments. Ask your Doctor to clearly outline all the treatment options available for the type of Breast Cancer you have. See the Breast Cancer Treatment , Breast Surgery, Breast Cancer - Chemotherapy , Breast Cancer - Radiation Therapy , Breast Prosthesis and Breast Reconstruction topics on the Healthpoint for further information. Treatment Options Always consult your Doctor for diagnosis and advice. In no way is this information intended to replace the advice of a medical practitioner. The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (Australia) recommends that women aged 50-69 have a mammogram every 2 years. Women who have a family history of Breast Cancer should see their Doctor to discuss genetic screening. There is a small benefit in mammogran screening for women aged 40-49, however, it needs to be weighed against other factors such as age, family history, personal concerns, personal assessment of possible risks of mammography such as anxiety, inconvenience, cost and discomfort. <MAMMOGRAM>                                       <MAMMOGRAM MACHINE> The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (Australia) recommends that women who have a moderate to high risk of Breast Cancer should have regular clinical breast examinations performed by their Doctor. The College recommends that women should be encouraged to know their breasts and what is normal for them and to report any breast changes to their Doctor immediately. Pharmacist's Advice Ask your Pharmacist for advice. 1) Follow the diet hints. 2) Quit smoking. Ask your Pharmacist for information and products designed to help you quit. 3) Your Pharmacist can offer advice about the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Your Pharmacy stocks a range of low irritant skin washes, mouthwashes etc. 4) Discuss any medications you may be taking with your Pharmacist . He/she can advise you about their effects and any potential problems or side effects. 5) Recent studies indicate that strenuous exercise in youth might provide life-long protection against Breast Cancer and that even moderate physical activity as an adult can lower breast cancer risk. 6) See the Vitamins/Minerals/Herbs section of this topic and ask your Pharmacist for advice on the supplements recommended. Diet Hints The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) is a long-term, large-scale study of the influence of diet on cancer in humans. The EPIC results recommend that people lose weight if overweight or obese and have a diet that is: High in fruits and vegetables. High in fibre. Low in red or processed meats. Low in saturated fat. Evidence suggests that natural substances found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and cabbage may lower overall cancer risk. Other cruciferous vegetables include rocket, watercress, garden cress, kale, bok choy, radish, horseradish and wasabi. Vitamins/minerals/herbs Always consult your Doctor before taking any dietary supplements for advice on any possible side effects or drug interactions.This is particularly important during cancer therapy, as many chemotherapy drugs act by blocking the effects of certain vitamins. - Carotenoids are nutrients that may have the capacity to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and may help convert abnormal cancerous cells into normal cells. Important carotenoids are beta-carotene, alphacarotene, and lycopene. Women with breast cancer have been shown to often have lower levels of beta-carotene in their blood. - Grape Seed Extract contains antioxidants which can help to control cellular damage. It may neutralise cell mutations that can lead to tumor formation possibly delaying the progression of breast cancer. - Omega-3 fatty acids contain fats which may protect against cancer. - Vitamin A is an immune system booster which may provide benefit in combating breast cancer.

Collagen

Popular brands

Origen Plus

 Loves your skin with everlasting formula!  

G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus Collagen offers something to help you regain a radiant and youthful appearance. With its patented formula that is designed to helps rejuvenating, brightening, and firming, unlock beauty from within. 

Research indicates that G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus helps prevent and alleviate below problems: 

• Appearance of frown lines and Neck lines
• Wrinkles and fine lines
• Marks and scars that difficult to heal
• Pimples and acne
• Eye bags
• Dryness and Dull complexion
• Saggy skins 
• Double chin
• Fatigue, low energy, sticky body

 Main Active Ingredients: 

•  Low molecule & premium deep sea fish collagen      G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus contains premium low molecular weight collagen derived from deep sea fish (Dol. from 3000-1000) which is 1.5 times more absorb-able by human body than other derived other derived collagen such as animal or plant collagen. Every sachet equals to our daily requirement of 5000mg collagen. 

More than just a collagen supplement, G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus contains result proven patented formula that helps you "glow" from inside out:

• High level of Vitamin C (508mg) in every sachet Vitamin C helps promotes healthy skin. It plays an important role in supporting the absorption of collagen. The ascorbic acid contained in Vitamin C is highly recommended for people who have wrinkles or fine lines. Vitamin C can play an important role in preventing free radical  damage in the skin cell. In fact, Vitamin C is one of the best antioxidants that aids damaged skin, like scar tissue. 

• Powerful anti-aging Beta carotene                          Beta carotene found in carrots, fruits and green leafy vegetables, is a powerful antioxidant. It is an essential nutrient in maintenance of healthy skin. Beta carotene is also known as action against skin damage from exposure to sunlight. 

• High quality Dextrose mono-hydrate                      Dextrose Mono-hydrate provides energy source for blood stream and other bodily functions which is important in maintenance of healthy skin and balance up the level of body heat. The body heat is known to cause acne and pimples.  

 How G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus works?

• Nurturing (5000mg premium fish collagen per serving)
• Hydrating (Moisture skin cells up to 20hours or more)
• Boosting (Enhance production of collagen and elastin in the skin)
• Repairing (helps to heal scars and damaged skin cell)
• Rejuvenating (Make your skin firmer, smoother, and younger)
• Brightening (high level of Vitamin C helps to lighten the pigmentation) 

 Main Benefits:

G A M Health & Beauty™ ORIgenPlus is:

• 100% safe & Natural: Pure fish derived collagen, natural ingredients, and local & international certificates obtained.
• Effective: Added with 5000mg fish derived collagen and functional patented formula will sure unlock your beauty from within.
• Convenient: A sachet a day at anytime, anywhere.
• 0% fat & low calories: O% fat, low cholesterol, and low calories.
• Nutritious & delicious: Added with rich nutrients and great orange flavor.

Directions for Use: Consume 1 sachets daily. Mix each sachet with 200ml water, shake well and consume during morning or night.

Pros: Taste great, comes with beta-carotene (Will be converted into Vitamin A) & Vitamin C, high strength formula, proven results

Cons: Not suitable for lazy people as you need to mix sachet with water before consuming, daily consumption 

Dry Skin?

Definition

Dry skin occurs when the outermost layer of the skin is lacking moisture or sebum. There are two types of dry skin: simple dry skin and complex dry skin. Simple dry skin mostly affects men and women under the age of 35. It can result from a lack of natural oils. Complex dry skin lacks both oil and moisture, and is characterised by brown spots, enlarged pores, fine lines and sagging skin. Complex dry skin can occur with ageing.

Description

Dry skin may be dull-looking, scaly and cracked. It can be hard to touch, wrinkled, develops fine lines and often feels 'tight'. Skin problems, such as psoriasis and contact dermatitis, may show similar symptoms. Do you know that hypothyroidism may also lead to Dry Skin? Certain drugs such as diuretics and antihistamines may also aggravate dry skin. Dry skin is common on areas of the body which are exposed to the elements, particularly in winter. Dry Skin may be hereditary in some people. A balance of oil and moisture is necessary for healthy skin. Oil is secreted by the sebaceous glands and lubricates the surface of the skin. There needs to be sufficient water in the skin cells as well as enough oil to act as protection. This prevents excess evaporation of moisture from the outermost layers of the skin. Dry skin may be caused or influenced by a poor diet. A diet low in essential fatty acids and other nutrients can cause the skin to become dry and flaky. The picture of the baby with dry skin is actually Cradle Cap - Characterized by dry, scaly scalp. Daily washing of scalp with a mild shampoo and application of oil diminishes the dryness. The condition disappears with time. Treatment Options Always consult your Doctor for diagnosis and advice. This information is in no way intended to replace the advice of a medical practitioner. Consider internal factors such as having a healthy diet, regular bowel movements, adequate water intake, exercise (increases blood circulation to the skin) and reducing stress levels. These factors may contribute to excess water and oil loss by the skin. External factors to avoid include; excess exposure to the sun, wind, cold, chemicals, excessive bathing, soaps and cosmetics. The main treatment for Dry Skin is frequent use of emollients to repair and rehydrate the skin. Avoid artificial mineral oils and petroleum jelly as they may not be efficiently absorbed into the skin. Dry skin needs to be nourished. Some suggestions to replenish dry skin include; - Olive oil may encourage natural oil production if used consistently. Rub in every night until the skin has improved. - Rubbing in evening primrose oil, almond oil or avocado oil can cleanse and nourish the skin. Pat the oil on, then wash it off with warm water and a soft cloth. Bathing in oils, including aromatherapy oils, are excellent for dry skin. See the Aromatherapy section in this topic. - Try a loofah sponge weekly with warm water to boost circulation and remove dead skin cells. Avoid the loofah if your skin is inflamed, cracked or sore. - Look for skin care products which contain humectants. Humectants are substances which attract water to the skin to hold in moisture. Vegetable glycerine, vitamin B5 and vitamin E are all natural humectants. - To heal cracked, inflamed and dry skin try using herbal creams. Comfrey, chickweed, calendula and aloe vera may help relieve dry skin when applied daily. Pure Vitamin E oil can also be applied directly to the skin. - Sesame oil may be useful as a moisturiser. Sesame oil is often used because it is most resistant to spoilage. Most skin preparations which are rich in essential fatty acids and oils have a short shelf-life. - Most of these oils recommended are edible oils. Pharmacist's Advice Ask your Pharmacist for advice. 1) Follow the Diet Hints. 2) Keep the body as cool as possible to prevent sweating and flushing. 3) Use a good skin moisturiser, either a gel or cream, after bathing. It can be used throughout the day. Ask your Pharmacist to recommend products specifically designed to relieve itchy, dry skin. 4) Bathing should be kept to a minimum, every two days. Hot water and soap strip natural oil from the skin. Use warm water and mild soap or a soap replacement. Some products are available to help moisten the skin. Ask your Pharmacist for the most suitable product. 5) Harsh cleaners, detergents, solvents and bleaches must be avoided at all times. These can upset the natural acid-alkali balance of the skin. 6) A humidifier in the room may be beneficial. Diet Hints - Try to have a more alkaline diet. Include fish (grilled) at least three times a week. You can try ECPI water as part of your alkaline diet. - Essential fatty acids are important to maintain healthy skin and to help reduce inflammation. Sources include; fish, particularly tuna, salmon, halibut and sardines; nuts and seeds; and vegetable oils. - Avoid fried foods, animal fats and heat processed vegetable oils. Heating oils may lead to free radical production. Free radicals may be damaging. - Avoid heavily spiced food which may cause flushing. - Include high fibre foods in the diet. Wholemeal bread, wheat bran cereals, rice bran, brown rice, blackberries, strawberries and passionfruit are some examples. These may help maintain regular bowel function. - Try to include five ample servings of fresh fruit and vegetables every day. Always try to use fresh produce. - Try to drink up to six glasses of water daily, particularly filtered water. Include fresh fruit juices as they contain vital ingredients which help nourish the skin. - Decrease alcohol intake. Alcohol has a diuretic effect which may cause the body to lose fluids and essential minerals. Vitamins/minerals/herbs Supplements may only be of assistance if dietary intake is inadequate. - Essential fatty acids (linseed oil) may help repair the skin, reduce inflammation and increase softness of the skin. - Vitamin E may protect against free radicals and maintain prostaglandin synthesis. Topically it may reduce wrinkling, scarring and inflammation. - Vitamin C may be effective for inflammation. Vitamin C is necessary for collagen production. It may strengthen capillaries which feed blood to the skin. - Zinc may help flaky, dry and inflamed skin, scaling and rashes. Zinc also helps with fatty acid metabolism. - Evening Primrose oil contains an essential fatty acid called linoleic acid which is required by the skin. It may reduce inflammation and dryness of the skin. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Do you know that for those chronic skin sufferers especially eczema and psoriasis patients they can use aqueous cream to substitute shower creams or soap.

Cracked Heels?

Definition

Cracked Heels are a common foot problem also referred to as 'heel fissures'. Cracked heels are commonly caused by dry skin (xerosis). The symptoms are worse when the skin around the rim of the heel is thick (callous).

Description

Callus is simply a build up of skin that forms in response to irritation or friction e.g where a shoe repeatedly rubs against one part of the foot. Callus can be thick or thin and forms in many shapes and patterns. Thickening Callus can be a cosmetic problem when it forms on the heel. Cracks or fissures that occur within the Callus can be more serious and if left untreated may become deep, painful, infected and begin to bleed. Heel fissures are found at the junction of two types of skin; the skin of the bottom of the foot and the skin of the side of the foot. Heel fissures can be limited to just one side of the heel or wrap around the entire heel. Heel fissures are particularly troublesome for people with diabetes as this disease causes poor sensation and impaired wound healing in the foot area. Cracked Heels may, in some cases be known as pitted keratolysis. This is caused by a bacterial infection of the skin usually involving the weight-bearing portions of the soles of the feet, and characterised by the formation of shallow, round pits, some of which can form fissures. It is not known what causes a person to develop pitted keratolysis.

Cause

In some cases a person may have naturally dry skin that increases the risk of Cracked Heels. Callus that forms around the heel is prone to cracking due to mechanical factors that increase pressures in that area e.g the way a person walks. An illustration of this is to consider a tomato on the bench. When the tomato is pushed on from above, it wants to expand out sideways and eventually the skin cracks. This is what happens to the normal fat pad under the heel as the body weight pushes down, the fat wants to expand sideways and the pressure on the skin to crack is increased. Other factors that can be involved in the cause of Cracked Heels include: * Prolonged standing at work or home, especially on hard floors. * Being overweight - this increases the pressure on the normal fat pad under the heel, causing it to expand sideways. If the skin is not supple and flexible, the pressures may cause the skin to crack. * Open-back on shoes. This allows the fat under the heel to expand sideways and the pressure may cause the skin to crack. * Certain medical conditions cause the skin to become dry and cracked eg diabetes or an underactive thyroid. * Skin conditions such as psoriasis and eczema.

Treatment Options

As with all conditions your Doctor should be consulted to diagnose and treat this condition. If the cracking is severe or fissures have formed it is advisable to seek the advice of a Podiatrist or Dermatologist. The treatment of Cracked Heels may involve the following: * Investigation of the cause of the problem, so this can be addressed * Removal of the hard thick skin to promote healing. This may need to be done on a regular basis. * If Cracked Heels are very painful, strapping may be used to 'hold' the cracks together during the healing process. * Advice regarding the most appropriate moisturiser or emollient. * Advice about footwear and prevention of the problem. * Insoles may be recommended to alter the way you walk to prevent callus from developing on the heels. * A heel cup may be used to keep the fat pad from expanding sideways. This is worn in the shoe and can be a very effective preventative measure if used regularly. * In severe cases a Podiatrist may use a tissue 'glue' to hold the edges of the skin together to enable the cracks to heal.

Pharmacist's Advice

Ask your Pharmacist for advice. 1) Your pharmacy stocks a range of moisturisers and emollients to keep the skin on the heel supple. 2) Ask your Pharmacist to recommend a suitable cream to soften the heel skin and calluses. A urea-based cream may be recommended. 3) A pumice stone from your Pharmacy may help to reduce the thickness of hard skin by gently removing callous build up from the heels and soles of the feet when used regularly. 4) To avoid excessive pressure on the heel it is important to avoid open backed or thin soled shoes. 5) Avoid removing callus yourself with a razor blade or a pair of scissors as these techniques can remove too much skin and increase the risk of an infection developing. 6)Try to apply the moisturisers and emollients after bathing as skin moisture will be retained more effectively. PUMICE STONE Moisture and emollients in the market

ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICALS

ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICALS Free radicals are high-energy, very unstable chemical substances that are known to damage the cells, DNA, proteins and essential fats in the body. Free radicals are generated during normal bodily processes. Exposure to UV light, cigarette smoke and other environmental pollutants also increases the body's free radical burden. It is thought that free radicals are involved in the process of inflammation, the ageing process, chemical damage, degenerative disease, alterations in immunity, cardiovascular disease and possibly cancer. Antioxidants are an important defence against free radical damage. Many thousands of naturally occurring Antioxidants exist, including vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, astaxanthin, zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, coenzyme Q10, cysteine, gamma oryzanol, germanium, quercetin and other bioflavonoids. Some minerals are important to help maintain the antioxidant activity of a number of enzymes. Deficiencies of zinc, copper, manganese and selenium may result in increased susceptibility to free radical damage to the fat part of cell membranes. Excessive copper or iron, however, may contribute to free radical damage. Antioxidant substances are produced both in the body and from certain foods. ANTIOXIDANTS FOR THE SKIN SELENIUM - The mineral selenium preserves tissue elasticity and slows down the ageing and hardening of of tissues caused by oxidation. Food sources of selenium include wholegrain cereals, seafood, garlic and eggs. - In animal studies, selenium supplements have been shown to offer protection from the damAgeing rays of the sun, both on a daily basis and after excessive sun exposure (sunburn). VITAMIN E - Protects cell membranes and prevents damage to membrane-associated exzymes. Food sources of vitamin E include vegetable oils, wheat germ, brown rice and oats, nuts, dairy products, meats and margarine. - Studies have shown that vitamin E helps inactivate free radicals. - Vitamin E supplementation may decrease scar formation. - Vitamin E applied to the skin within 2 minutes of excessive sun exposure may ease the redness inflammation and swelling associated with sunburn. VITAMIN C - Vitamin C is essential for the production of collagen, which is an important structural protein in the body that is found in tissues such as the skin and nails. - In animal studies, vitamin C given orally was found to reduce skin tumours caused by sun exposure and vitamin C applied to the skin of animals minimised low level, chronic UV-exposure.

Pharmacist's Advice

Ask your Pharmacist for advice. 1) If your diet is inadequate, consider some Antioxidant nutritional supplements. There is a wide range of vitamin and mineral supplements available from your Pharmacy. 2) Always take the dose which is recommended on the label unless your Doctor has advised otherwise. Taking more than the recommended dose can be harmful. 3) There are nutritional supplements available which provide a combination of nutrients e.g. multi vitamin and mineral formulae and supplements containing Antioxidants to promote healthy skin. Ask your Pharmacist for advice. * Try this Oliferin http://nutriva2u.com Vitahealth L-Glutathione Plus http://www.vitahealth.com.my/my2/index.cfm?act=Prod&ID=163 Blackmores BIO ACE http://www.blackmores.com.au/products/bio-ace

Acne-Scarring

Definition

Acne Scarring is visible markings, lumps or indentations on the skin's surface resulting from scar tissue which has formed as part of the healing process where acne has previously damaged the original skin and/or hair follicle.

Description

ACNE SCARS There are three main types of scars caused by Acne. 1) ICEPICK PORE SCARS These are large, deep scars with visible open pores that look as if the skin has been jabbed with a thin, sharp instrument. This scar is usually caused by a deep pimple or cyst that has destroyed the hair follicle as the infection moved to the surface of the skin. 2) ACNE PIT SCARS These scars are indented and are due to pimples or cysts that have damaged the skin and formed scar tissue. The scar has a slightly sunken or depressed appearance. 3) RAISED SCARS When several large cysts have clumped together, scar tissue forms which can create a lumpy mass of raised tissue on the skin's surface. These are known as raised scars.

Treatment Options

Some Acne scars improve over time, others remain unchanged and some can continue to worsen. Picking or squeezing pimples can be a cause of scarring. A family history of Acne Scarring means that early treatment by a Dermatologist may result in a better outcome. Different scars require different treatments. Your Doctor can refer you to Dermatologist for specialist advice. Techniques for treating Acne Scarring include; Hyaluronic acid, collagen or fat; can be injected under the skin and into the acne scars. This fills out the skin and makes the scars less noticeable. The results are temporary and injections need to be repeated periodically. Microdermabrasion; is a technique which removes the cells on the surface of the skin and has a smoothing effect. This would only be considered for very minor cases of Acne Scarring and is often used in combination with topical oral medications. Skin resurfacing; uses lasers on the scar tissue to carefully remove the damaged outer layer of skin. This helps to repair the surface skin layers and stimulates collagen production. Plasma resurfacing; used high-energy nitrogen plasma to shed the top layers of skin and create a new surface for the skin. Unlike laser resurfacing, the old skin surface stays in place until the new layer grows underneath, so no open wound is created. This technique also achieves a more even and natural result. Steroids; either applied to the skin or injected into the scar can be used to help soften and flatten the scar tisse. Surgery; is used in cases of deep 'punched out' scars or large, raised scars. This technique is often used prior to laser resurfacing. ,

Pharmacist's Advice

1) Ask your Pharmacist or beauty consultant for advice about regular skin treatments to remove and reduce the occurrence of blackheads and pimples. Proper cleansing techniques can reduce the risk of scarring. 2) Follow the diet hints. 3) Cleanse daily with a medicated face wash. Pat skin dry gently. 4) Your Pharmacist or beauty consultant can instruct you on how to use the cleansing and exfoliation treatments to keep the skin clean. 5) It is best to avoid using thick, oil-based creams and cosmetics if your skin is prone to Acne to help avoid clogging of the follicles which can cause Acne. Water-based products may be more suitable. 6) Ask your Pharmacist to recommend a skin preparation that may help to reduce scarring. Some products are available that contain salycic acid or benzoyl peroxide. 7) Natural products containing vitamin E and rosehip oil may also help to improve the appearance of scars, when applied to the skin. 7) If your skin is sensitive, avoid using highly perfumed soaps and cosmetics. Some products use the description 'non-comedogenic' or 'non-acnegenic'. This means the products have been tested and shown not to worsen Acne. Ask your Pharmacist or beauty consultant to recommend the most suitable products for your skin. 8) Consider some nutritional supplements if the diet is inadequate. Your Pharmacist can advise you about supplements which may help to improve the skin. *Some products in the market eg dermatix is not suitable of scarring due to acne or chicken pox.

Diet Hints

See the Acne Diet on the Healthpoint.

Vitamins/minerals/herbs

Vitamins may be of assistance if dietary intake is inadequate. - Zinc supplementation has been shown to improve Acne in some cases. - Zinc combined with Vitamin B3 (also known as nicotinamide, niacin or nicotinic acid) and Folic acid helps to manage Acne. - Vitamin A, as a supplement or in skin preparations, plays an important role in the treatment of Acne. Vitamin A is not suitable for pregnant women. - Calendula is used widely as a soothing ingredient in skin preparations. It has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and wound-healing properties. - Sarsaparilla and Gotu kola, taken orally, have anti-inflammatory properties that may help to improve Acne. - Tea tree oil has been shown to be an effective treatment in skin preparations for Acne.

Acne- Recommendations :)

For Mild to Slightly severe acne
SEBAMED CLEARFACE RANGE
Pros: Cheap and effective
1) Cleansing foam
2) Deep cleansing facial toner
3) Care Gel
4) Benzyl Peroxide 5% (Benzac AC 5)
Pros: Water base, Absorbs excess oil, kills bacteria and does not cause excessive dryness to the skin, Proven to reduce bacteria by 94%


Just follow step 1 to 4 and Don’t expect overnight miracles – it takes about 10 weeks of daily treatment before your skin really starts to look better. So stop covering those zits and get treating them

Acne - Causes

Causes Hormones

Androgens are hormones which promote male characteristics such as facial hair growth and deepening of the voice. At puberty there is an increase of these hormones in both men and women causing an enlargement of the sebaceous glands in the skin. The increased sebum production from these glands at puberty also contributes to the clogging of the hair follicles. Acne can be a hereditary condition in some people. People of all ages can get Acne. Some adult women experience mild to moderate Acne due to hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, their menstrual cycles, or starting or stopping the contraceptive pill Acne can also occur in some women who have a condition that affects the ovaries called polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). . Acne is mainly a hormonal or hereditary condition, however there are some drugs which have the unfortunate side effect of causing Acne. STEROIDS This type of medication is often prescribed for conditions such as arthritis and chronic inflammatory diseases. It is not usually a severe type of Acne, however, using steroids is associated with many other serious health risks e.g., liver damage, fragile bones and high blood pressure. The spots tend to be numerous, small and not very inflamed. Body builders who take steroids may also be prone to this type of Acne. FAMILY HISTORY Acne can run in some families. This may be due to genetic factors which are still being investigated.

Acne - Management

Treatment Options

Your Doctor should be consulted if the Acne is severe, persistent and/or painful. Your Doctor may prescribe medication to help relieve the symptoms of Acne. THE PILL The oral contraceptive pill (OCP) controls a woman's hormonal cycle. Some types of the pill can help to improve Acne in women because the female hormone oestrogen in the pill counteracts the acne-producing effect of androgens (male hormones). Oestrogen helps to restrict the amount of sebum which flows from the oil producing glands in the skin. Other types of contraceptive pill can worsen Acne so it is important to let your Doctor know if you are prone to Acne. Common OCPs are Mercilon and Diane 35. PIMPLES AND BLIND PIMPLES: Try to keep the skin clean and free from oily build-up by using a medicated face wash in the morning and evening. Using a mild astringent on the skin after cleansing will help to restore the acid/alkaline balance of the skin and constrict open pores which can become clogged with debris. It is best to use a light water-based moisturiser as a thicker, oil-based cream may block the pores and promote the formation of more pimples. Most treatments applied to the skin (topical) are available from your Pharmacy and contain benzoyl peroxide. Your Doctor may also prescribe topical retinoic acid or its derivatives (a vitamin A treatment) or topical antimicrobial agents. These include benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and azelaic acid. Topical treatment should be applied to the whole of the affected areas of skin and not just to the spots. Continue treatment as acne improves to help keep the spots under control. These treatments can cause skin irritation or dryness in some cases. Ask your Pharmacist for advice about side effects. Medicated cover-sticks are available which contain an antibacterial compound to help conceal the pimple while helping it to heal. Squeezing and picking at pimples does not help the skin to heal and can lead to scarring. Regular, gentle exfoliation with a suitable product will help to keep the skin clean and free of blackheads which can develop into Acne. BLACKHEADS: This requires regular, deep cleansing treatments to remove the blackheads. Wash the skin morning and night with a cleansing gel or foam. Regular, gentle exfoliation with a suitable product will help remove any oily build-up and penetrate the hair follicles to clean out any debris which may accumulate to form blackheads. Using a mild astringent toner helps to refine the follicles and tightens open pores on the skin. A light, water-based moisturiser will help to minimise the production of natural oils on the skin and if applied to damp skin, may help more oil-free moisture to be absorbed. A clay-based mask can be used twice a week to gently draw impurities out and improve the appearance of the skin. CLOSED BLACKHEADS AND MILIA: It is not advisable to attempt to remove this type of blackhead at home as the skin surface needs to be pierced with a sterile needle to remove the contents. A Beauty Therapist is trained in the most effective techniques which help to reduce the risk of scarring. The same regular beauty routine that is suggested for blackheads can be followed. CYSTS: This type of Acne often requires medical attention and prescription drugs e.g., antibiotics. It is best to keep the skin clean and free of oil build-up by following the above guidelines for pimple management. Do not attempt to remove or squeeze a cyst as it can be very painful and may result in scarring. ACNE SCARS: Severe acne often causes scarring that is difficult to treat. With time the scars tend to improve. Topical retinoids used long-term may be helpful. There are a number of techniques which can help to reduce the visible signs of scarring. A Beauty Therapist will often use techniques such as a glycolic peels and special creams to help soften the scar tissue and improve the texture of the skin. A cosmetic surgeon can also offer a number of options to improve the appearance of scarring e.g., dermabrasion, laser resurfacing or collagen injections. Vitamins A, E and zinc may help to improve scarring. These nutrients can be taken internally and moisturising creams are available which contain vitamins A and E.

Acne - Types

Definition

There are many different types of Acne. The most common type is Acne Vulgaris.

Description

ACNE VULGARIS: is the most common form of Acne which includes several types of lesions that can appear at the same time. Mild to moderate cases of Acne vulgaris can produce blackheads, whiteheads, papules and pustules. Each lesion usually last less than two weeks but the deeper papules and nodules may persist for months. It is a condition that mainly affects adolescents but may persist or even become more severe in adulthood. Acne vulgaris may occur on the face, chest, back and sometimes even more extensively. Severe cases of Acne vulgaris involve deep rooted inflammatory lesions that form cysts and nodules which are painful and produce scarring. Nodules are large, painful, hard bumps under the skin's surface. Scarring is common and more likely to occur if the nodule is squeezed. Cysts look similar to nodules, but are pus-filled, and are usually 5mm or more across. Cysts can be painful and scarring is more likely to occur with squeezing which may cause a deeper infection and more painful. Dermatologists have specific treatments for managing nodules and cysts. ACNE ROSACEA: is an inflammatory skin condition that appears as a red rash which is normally confined to the cheeks, nose, forehead and chin. The redness is often accompanied by bumps, pimples, and skin blemishes. Blood vessels may also become more visible on the skin. Left untreated, it can cause swelling of the nose and the growth of excess tissue, a condition called rhinophyma. Treatment is often different for rosacea than for Acne vulgaris, and it is important to consult your Doctor for an accurate diagnosis. ACNE COSMETICA: The prolonged use of cosmetics, especially those containing isopropyl myristate and greasy ingredients such as lanolin, can be responsible for this type of Acne. Various cleansing creams, foundations, blushers and moisturisers may contain chemicals which can aggravate Acne. These products do not physically block the ducts but induce the formation of blackheads which progress into pimples. Acne Cosmetica appears mainly on the chin and cheeks. It is a mild form of Acne with little chance of scarring. The management is simple. Discover which cosmetic is causing the Acne and stop using it. Some cosmetic products use the description 'non-comedo genic' or 'non-acnegenic'. This means the products have been tested and shown not to worsen Acne. INFANTILE/BABY ACNE: is sometimes seen in newborn babies. It is a mild form of acne that resolves without treatment within a few months. This type of Acne is usually caused by hormonal changes that occurred as the fetus was developing. ACNE IN PREGNANCY: may occur due to hormonal changes. Pregnancy can cause Acne to improve in some women and worsen in others. In early pregnancy, Acne is more likely to worsen and gradually improve as the pregnancy progresses. This may be due to elevating levels of oestrogen. ACNE EXCORIEE: This condition is usually found in young girls, beginning in adolescence. The girl may find a pimple and start scratching at it viciously. The skin is damaged by the fingernails and is not able to heal due to persistent scratching, which leaves a broad, shallow scar. This should not be confused with an unconscious nervous habit. SEVERE ACNE: cases are rare, however, when it does occur, severe Acne can cause great hardship. Severe Acne can be disfiguring and, like all forms of acne, can have psychological effects on the person experiencing it. Types of severe Acne include: Acne conglobata: This is the most severe form of Acne vulgaris and is more common in males. Large lesions occur, which are sometimes interconnected, along with widespread blackheads. It can cause severe damage to the skin, and disfiguring scarring. It is found on the face, chest, back, buttocks, upper arms, and thighs. Acne fulminans: This is an abrupt onset of Acne conglobata. Symptoms include severe nodules and cysts that are often ulcerated. As with acne conglobata, extreme, disfiguring scarring is common. Acne fulminans includes causes a fever and aching of the joints. Gram-Negative Folliculitis: This condition is a bacterial infection characterised by pustules and cysts, possibly occurring as a complication of long-term antibiotic treatment of Acne vulgaris. It is a rare condition. Pyoderma Faciale: This type of severe facial acne affects only females, usually between 20 to 40 years of age. It causes painful large nodules, pustules and sores which may leave scarring. It begins abruptly, and may occur in a woman with no history of Acne. It is confined to the face, and usually does not last longer than one year.

Treatment Options

In cases where Acne persists into adulthood and appears to be triggered by the hormonal cycle, your Doctor may prescribe medication to help balance the hormonal activity. Antibiotics are sometimes prescribed to treat severe Acne and oestrogen-based oral contraceptives are prescribed for some women to help control the amount of oil flow to the skin. Picking and squeezing of pimples and blackheads should be avoided as this can cause the skin to rupture, spreading the inflammation and increasing the risk of scarring.

Pharmacist's Advice

1) Ask your Pharmacist or beauty consultant for advice about regular skin treatments to remove and reduce the occurrence of blackheads and pimples. Proper cleansing techniques can reduce the risk of scarring. 2) Follow the diet hints. 3) Your Pharmacist or beauty consultant can instruct you on how to use the cleansing and exfoliation treatments to keep the skin clean. 4) It is best to avoid using thick, oil-based creams and cosmetics if your skin is prone to Acne to help avoid clogging of the follicles which can cause Acne. Water-based products may be more suitable. 5) If your skin is sensitive, avoid using highly perfumed soaps and cosmetics. Some products use the description 'non-comedogenic' or 'non-acnegenic'. This means the products have been tested and shown not to worsen Acne. Ask your Pharmacist or beauty consultant to recommend the most suitable products for your skin. 6) Consider some nutritional supplements if the diet is inadequate. Your Pharmacist can advise you about supplements which may help to improve the skin.

Vitamins/minerals/herbs

Vitamins may be of assistance if dietary intake is inadequate. - Zinc supplementation has been shown to improve Acne in some cases. - Zinc combined with Vitamin B3 (also known as nicotinamide, niacin or nicotinic acid) and Folic acid helps to manage Acne. - Vitamin A, as a supplement or in skin preparations, plays an important role in the treatment of Acne. Vitamin A is not suitable for pregnant women. - Calendula is used widely as a soothing ingredient in skin preparations. It has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and wound-healing properties. - Sarsaparilla and Gotu kola, taken orally, have anti-inflammatory properties that may help to improve Acne. - Tea tree oil has been shown to be an effective treatment in skin preparations for Acne.

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